色彩理论

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色彩理论 译者： 言永 原作者：http://www.tigercolor.com/color- ... or-theory-intro.htm
发表时间：2010-10-14浏览量：9704评论数：0挑错数：0
不可不知的色彩理论，简单实用。你还是“色盲”吗？赶紧来“扫盲”吧！

With colors you can set a mood, attract attention, or make a statement. You can use color to energize, or to cool down. By selecting the right color scheme, you can create an ambiance of elegance, warmth or tranquility, or you can convey an image of playful youthfulness. Color can be your most powerful design element if you learn to use it effectively.

通过色彩你可以设计一种心情，吸引别人的目光或者表达一种观点。使用色彩可以激发人的活力，或者使人恢复平静。选择对的色彩搭配，可以营造一种高雅、温馨和宁静的氛围，又或者打造出青春活泼的景象。只要你学会了有效使用色彩，它会成为你的设计绝招。

Colors affect us in numerous ways, both mentally and physically. A strong red color has been shown to raise the blood pressure, while a blue color has a calming effect.
色彩在方方面面影响着我们，无论在心理上还是身体上。据显示，浓烈的大红会引发血压升高，而蓝色却有让人舒缓的功效。
Being able to use colors consciously and harmoniously can help you create spectacular results.
如果你能有意识地搭配出和谐的色彩，你的设计将会光彩照人。
The Color Wheel 色轮The color wheel or color circle is the basic tool for combining colors. The first circular color diagram was designed by Sir Isaac Newton in 1666.
色轮，又称色圈是组合颜色最基本的工具。第一个色圈图正是由爱萨克·牛顿爵士于1666年设计的。
The color wheel is designed so that virtually any colors you pick from it will look good together. Over the years, many variations of the basic design have been made, but the most common version is a wheel of 12 colors based on the RYB (or artistic) color model.
色轮是经过人工设计的，所以实际上无论你从中选取什么颜色，它们搭配起来都会很好看。多年后，人们多次调整和改变了原来的设计。但是，最经典的版本仍是一个以红黄蓝为模板的12色色轮。
Traditionally, there are a number of color combinations that are considered especially pleasing. These are called color harmonies or color chords and they consist of two or more colors with a fixed relation in the color wheel.
传统上，有许多种色彩组合都是十分漂亮的。这些色彩叫做和谐色系或者和弦色系，包括了两种或两种以上的色彩，它们在色轮上有着特定的位置关系。
ColorImpact is designed to dynamically create a color wheel to match your base color.
ColorImpact这款软件就是为了让人们可以根据自己的基本色，随心所欲地制作出相应的色轮。

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Colors
In the RYB (or subtractive) color model, the primary colors are red, yellow and blue.
在RYB（或减色）色彩模板中，红、黄、蓝是原色。
The three secondary colors (green, orange and purple) are created by mixing two primary colors.
绿、橙、紫作为间色（二级色），正是由任意两种原色叠加而成。
Another six tertiary colors are created by mixing primary and secondary colors.
而六种复色（三级色）正是由原色和间色叠加而成。


Warm and cool colors
暖色和冷色
The color circle can be divided into warm and cool colors.
色圈可以分为暖色和冷色。
Warm colors are vivid and energetic, and tend to advance in space.
暖色是富有生机和活力的，有一种向空间外延伸的感觉。
Cool colors give an impression of calm, and create a soothing impression.
冷色则给人平静的印象，给人一种缓和的感觉。
White, black and gray are considered to be neutral.
白、黑、灰则是中性的颜色。

Tints, Shades, and Tones色温调节、阴影调节、色调调节
These terms are often used incorrectly, although they describe fairly simple color concepts. If a color is made lighter by adding white, the result is called a tint. If black is added, the darker version is called a shade. And if gray is added, the result is a different tone.
这几个术语经常被乱用，虽然它们只是十分简单的色彩概念。一种颜色在添加白色后变浅了，这种变化效果称为色温调节；加黑色后变深的变化效果称为阴影调节；加灰色的变化效果则是色调调节。

Tints - adding white to a pure hue: 色温调节--增添白色至单一色相

Shades - adding black to a pure hue:阴影调节--增添黑色至单一色相

Tones - adding gray to a pure hue: 色调调节--增添灰色至单一色相 Color Harmonies - basic techniques for creating color schemes 和谐色彩--制作色彩搭配的基本技巧 Below are shown the basic color chords based on the color wheel. 下面是根据色轮做出的基本和弦色系。 Complementary color scheme 互补色 Colors that are opposite each other on the color wheel are considered to be complementary colors (example: red and green). 色轮上相对的两种颜色称为互补色（如红色和绿色）。 The high contrast of complementary colors creates a vibrant look especially when used at full saturation. This color scheme must be managed well so it is not jarring. 互补色的强烈对比营造出一种生机活力，特别是在饱和状态下使用。使用这种色系要控制好，否则会显得太突兀。 Complementary color schemes are tricky to use in large doses, but work well when you want something to stand out. 要大量使用互补色是很难把握的，但是如果你想突出某些东西，互补色的效果却很好。 Complementary colors are really bad for text. 在文本当中使用互补色是十分糟糕的。 Analogous color scheme 类似色系 Analogous color schemes use colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. They usually match well and create serene and comfortable designs. 类似色系是指在色轮上相邻的色彩。通常这些颜色搭配起来都很好看，是一种带给人平静、舒服的设计。 Analogous color schemes are often found in nature and are harmonious and pleasing to the eye. 类似色系通常能在大自然中找到，十分和谐，养眼。 Make sure you have enough contrast when choosing an analogous color scheme. 当你选择类似色系的时候，需要保证其他色彩有足够的对比效果。 Choose one color to dominate, a second to support. The third color is used (along with black, white or gray) as an accent. 选择一种主色，其他作为副色，第三种颜色（和黑白灰一起使用）用来烘托。 Triadic color scheme 三色系 A triadic color scheme uses colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel. 三色系是指在色轮中平均分布，可连成三角形的色彩。 Triadic color schemes tend to be quite vibrant, even if you use pale or unsaturated versions of your hues. 三色系是比较明亮的，基本采用偏淡和不饱和的色调也是如此。 To use a triadic harmony successfully, the colors should be carefully balanced - let one color dominate and use the two others for accent. 要成功地使用三色系产生和谐效果，需要谨慎地在色彩间取得平衡--只用一种主色，其他两种颜色作烘托。 Split-Complementary color scheme 分散的互补色系 The split-complementary color scheme is a variation of the complementary color scheme. In addition to the base color, it uses the two colors adjacent to its complement. 分散的互补色系是由互补色系变体而来。除了一种基本色，还有另外两种与基本色的互补色相邻的两种颜色构成。 This color scheme has the same strong visual contrast as the complementary color scheme, but has less tension. 这种色系和互补色系一样带来强烈的视觉对比，但对比较弱。 The split-complimentary color scheme is often a good choice for beginners, because it is difficult to mess up. 分散的互补色系对于初学者是很好的选择，无论你怎么搭都很好看。 Rectangle (tetradic) color scheme 矩形色系（四色系） The rectangle or tetradic color scheme uses four colors arranged into two complementary pairs. 矩形色系或者四色系是指由两对互补色组成的颜色。 This rich color scheme offers plenty of possibilities for variation. 此色系颜色丰富，变化多样。 Tetradic color schemes works best if you let one color be dominant. 使用四色系的时候，选定一种主色，效果最佳。 You should also pay attention to the balance between warm and cool colors in your design. 在你的设计中需要注意冷暖色的平衡。 Square color scheme 方形色系 The square color scheme is similar to the rectangle, but with all four colors spaced evenly around the color circle. 方形色系和矩形色系类似，是均衡分布在色轮上连线成为一个正方形的四种颜色。 Square color schemes works best if you let one color be dominant. 使用方形色系时，选定一种主色，效果最佳。 You should also pay attention to the balance between warm and cool colors in your design. 你的设计中注意冷暖色的平衡。